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        1 - A Study of the Rule of the One from the Viewpoint of Mīrzā Mahdī Āshtīyānī
        Rohollah Adineh Fatemeh Babaeiy Adeleh Fallah
        The rule of the one or al-wāḥid (nothing proceeds from the one, but one) is one of the most fundamental rules which is referred to in philosophy and, particularly, in discussions on the quality of the creation of the world. This principle has provoked several debates in More
        The rule of the one or al-wāḥid (nothing proceeds from the one, but one) is one of the most fundamental rules which is referred to in philosophy and, particularly, in discussions on the quality of the creation of the world. This principle has provoked several debates in the history of philosophy, and many philosophers have resorted to it when explaining their own cosmological views. However, some philosophers have found it completely inconsistent with the absolute power and will of Almighty Truth and harshly criticized it. Mīrzā Mahdī Āshtīyānī is one of the scholars, who, in spite of being a well-known philosopher and presenting a great number of innovative ideas, has not received the attention that he truly deserves. He studied the “rule of the one” extensively and intended to demonstrate it based on several rational and traditional arguments and through resorting to various Qur’anic verses and narrations. Following a descriptive-analytic method and based on several historical documents, the present study initially explores the origin of the rule of the one and its historical development among philosophers. Next, it presents the view of Mīrzā Mahdī Āshtīyānī regarding the rule of the one and analyzes and examines his rational and traditional arguments. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - World Creating Vortex: A Recreation of the Concept of δίνղ in Empedocles’ Cosmogony
        Ebrahim  Ranjbar Mehdi Monfared
        Empedocles’ philosophy is conceived as the campaign of a number of hostile forces that are continually in conflict with each other. The traditional view of, for example, ancient dualists is that sometimes strife and sometimes love gain victory in the Empedoclean world. More
        Empedocles’ philosophy is conceived as the campaign of a number of hostile forces that are continually in conflict with each other. The traditional view of, for example, ancient dualists is that sometimes strife and sometimes love gain victory in the Empedoclean world. Orthodox thinkers and revisionists did their best to contradict each other. one group believed that these two forces are repulsive, and the other believed that they are attractive. In this paper, it has been tried to reconstruct the internal logic of Empedocles’ poetry in a new way by dealing with the concept of vortex (δίνղ), which both methods of interpretation have ignored. In line with this purpose, in addition to examining the literary logic of the poetry itself, the authors have dealt with the background and consequences of his thoughts before and after him while taking the Aristotelean background of his philosophy into account. Therefore, they initially focus on the point that, in order to understand the nature of motion in Empedocles’ view, one must distance oneself from Aristotelean philosophy. Then they explain the nature of this kind of motion, and finally conclude that vortex is in fact a function that preserves the integration of the one and the plural. This is the same idea that Greek philosophy studied in different ways and considered it as the eternal and pre-eternal motion of the world, the survival of which depends on such a motion. Empedocles highlighted this point by posing the concept of δίνղ. Manuscript profile