Elements and Place of the Concept of Techne in Greek Ancient Philosophy with Reference to Heidegger’s View
Subject Areas : Geneology of philosophical schools and Ideas
Hassan
Mehrnia
1
(University of Tehran)
Hossein
Latifi
2
(University of Tehran)
Mahdi
Zakeri
3
(University of Tehran)
Keywords: Techne Ancient Greek Philosophy Craft Art Philosophy of Technology Heidegger,
Abstract :
One of the significant and influential aspects of the philosophy of technology is the historical background of the concepts related to this field in the words of the writers and thinkers of ancient Greece. Among such concepts, the concept of techne, in the sense of technique, industry, or art, and its place in ancient Greek works is of greater importance. Martin Heidegger was one of the first thinkers who conceived of the study of the concept of techne in ancient Greece as the introduction of a distinct perception of modern technology and held a particular view in this regard. Through the study of three groups of Greek texts, the present paper initially aims to trace the main elements of the concept of techne in the view of ancient Greek writers and thinkers. Second, through investigating Heidegger’s view, it intends to reintroduce the core of his analysis of this problem. Finally, it demonstrates that, firstly, techne is a rich concept, which, given its various elements, was so attractive to Greek thinkers that they used it in their philosophical discussions; secondly, its main elements have been repeated during ancient periods. However, in some periods, due to the existing conditions and views of different thinkers, some of its elements have become more foregrounded. The writers also conclude that reducing the complicated and multi-dimensional concept of techne into a general element does not appear to be correct and accurate.
ابن‌سینا (1404ه) الشفاء (طبیعیات). (به تحقیق سعید زاید) قم: کتابخانه‌ی آیه‌الله مرعشی(ره)
ریتر، یوآخیم؛ گروندر، کارلفرید؛ (و دیگران) (1389) فرهنگ‌نامه‌ی تاریخی مفاهیم فلسفه، جلد اول: فلسفه‌ی هنر. (ترجمه: محمدرضا حسینی بهشتی و همکاران) تهران: موسسه پژوهشی حکمت و فلسفه‌ی ایران و موسسه‌ی فرهنگی-پژوهشی نوارغنون
Angier, T. (2010). Techne in Aristotle's Ethics, Crafting the Moral Life. London: Continuum.
Aristotle. (1991). The Complete Works of Aristotle. (J. Barnes, Ed.) Princeton: Princeton University Press. Bambrough, R. (1967). Demiurge. In D. M. Borchert, Encyclopedia of Philosophy (pp. 697-699). New York: Thomson Gale. Bensaude, B., & Newman, V. R. (Eds.). (2007). The Artificial and the Natural an Evolving Polarity. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. Gorgias. (1982). Encomium of Helen. (C. Rowe, Ed.) Bristol: Bristol Classical Press. Guthrie, W. (1957). In the Beginning. Bristol: Cornell University Press. Guthrie, W. (1969). A History of Greek Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hankinson, R. J. (2005). Hippocrates and Hippocratic Corpus. In D. Borchert, Encyclopedia of Philosophy (pp. 4:373-376). New York: MacMillan. Heidegger, M. (1977). Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays. (W. Lovitt, Trans.) New York & London: Garland Publishing Inc. Herodotus. (1920). Historia. (A. D. Godley, Trans.) Cambridge: Loeb Classical Library. Hofmann, B. (2003). Medicine as Techne - A Perspective from Antiquity. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 28(4), 403-425. Homer. (2006). Odyssey. (I. Johnston, Trans.) Arlington, Virginia: Richer Resources Publications. Homer. (2006). The Iliad. (I. Johnston, Trans.) Arlington, Virginia: Richer Resources Publications. Isocrates. (1929). Isocrates. (T. Page, Ed., & G. Norlin, Trans.) London: The Loeb Classical Library. Liddell, H. G., & Scott, R. (1996). A Greek-English Lexicon. New York: Oxford University Press. Lloyad, G. (Ed.). (1983). Hippocratic Writings. (J. Chadwick, W. N. Mann, I. M. Lonie, & E. T. Withington, Trans.) London: Penguin Books. Newman, W. R. (2007). Art, Nature, Alchemy, and Demons. In The Artificial and the Natural, An Evolving Polarity (pp. 109-134). Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. Noussia-Fantuzzi, M. (2010). Solon the Athenian, the Peotic Fragments. (G. Boter, Ed.) Leiden, Boston: Brill. Parry, R. (2014, Fall). Episteme and Techne. (E. N. Zalta, Ed.) Retrieved Summer 2017, from Stanford Online Encyclopedia of Philosophy: <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2014/entries/episteme-techne/>. Partridge, E. (1966). Origins, An Etymological Dictionary. London: Taylor & Francis e-Library. Reeve, C. (1992). Practices of Reason, Aristole's Nicomachean Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Roochnik, D. (1996). Of Art And Wisdom, Plato's Understanding of Techne. Pennsylvania: Penn State University. Schummer, J. (2001). Aristotle on Technology and Nature. Philosophia Naturalis(38), 105-120. Sophocles. (2003). Antigone. (R. Gobbons, & C. Segal, Trans.) New York: Oxford University Press.