Moral Motivation Based on Origin
Subject Areas : ریشهشناسی مکاتب و آراء فلسفی در ادوار قدیم و جدیدMajid Tayebi Jebeli 1 , Mohammad Shokri 2 * , Insha-Allah Rahmati 3
1 - PhD Candidate of Philosophy, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Philosophy Department, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
3 - Professor at the Department of Philosophy and Islamic Epistemology-Religions and Irfan, Faculty of Humanities and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: moral motivation, rationality, emotion, moral value, interest,
Abstract :
The present paper explores the nature of moral motivation and its place in explaining moral action. Focusing on philosophical analyses, especially from the perspective of Kantian ethics, it is shown that the moral value of an action lies not in its consequences, but in the agent's intention and type of motivation. In this regard, the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivations is explained, and the role of good will and sense of duty in the formation of genuine moral motivation is emphasized. Furthermore, by examining the relationship between reason, emotion, and will, the nature of moral motivation and its differences based on origin are analyzed. The research results indicate that moral motivation is a necessary condition for the moral validity of actions; what leads to a moral act may be based on personal interest or the fulfillment of moral duty. The paper also addresses the issues of utilitarianism, egoism, and altruism, which determine the type of moral motivation. Additionally, the difference between rationalist and empiricist philosophers, who, respectively, considered the origin of moral impetus to be reason or emotion, is discussed. The leading rationalist philosopher in this discussion is Kant, and the leading empiricist philosopher is David Hume. Despite the differences in their views, the authors aim for a conclusion that encompasses both perspectives.
ارسطو (1398) اخلاق نیکوماخوس، ترجمة محمدحسن لطفی، تهران: طرح نو.
بنتام، جرمی (1363) مقدمه¬ای بر اصول اخلاق و قانون¬گذاری، ترجمة محمدباقر حجتی، تهران: دانشگاه تهران.
دیلمی، احمد؛ آذربایجانی، مسعود (1396) فلسفه اخلاق، تهران: سمت.
شوپنهاور، آرتور (1396) هنر همدردی، ترجمة علی عبداللهی، تهران: نشر مرکز.
کانت، ایمانوئل (1394) بنیاد مابعدالطبیعه اخلاق (گفتاری در حکمت کردار)، ترجمة حمید عنایت و علی قیصری، خوارزمی.
کانت، ایمانوئل (1399) پایه¬گذاری مابعدالطبیعه اخلاق، ترجمة احمد احمدی، تهران: سمت.
کرین، اندرو؛ ماتن، دیرک (1395) اخلاق کاربردی، ترجمة عادل آذر، تهران: مهربان.
میل، جان استورات (1380) فایده¬گرایی، ترجمة مرتضی مردیها، تهران: نی.
نیگل، توماس (1395) امکان دیگرگزینی، ترجمة جواد حیدری، تهران: نگاه معاصر.
هیوم، دیوید (1376) رسالهای در باب طبیعت انسان، ترجمة جلالالدین اعلم، تهران: مرکز نشر دانشگاهی.
هیوم، دیوید (1395) پژوهشی درباب اصول اخلاق، ترجمة مرتضی مردیها، تهران: نی.
هیوم، دیوید (1399) رساله¬ای درباره طبیعت انسان، ترجمة علیاصغر حلبی، تهران: نی.
Butler, J. (2018). Fifteen Sermons Preached at the Rolls Chapel. Gale ECCO publishing.
Cahn, S. M. (1997). Ethics: History, Theory & Contemporary Issues. Wordsworth Publishing.
Downs, A. (1957). An Economic Theory of Democracy. Harper & Row.
Deigh, J. (2010). An Introduction to Ethics. Cambridge University Press.
Hobbes, T. (1968). Leviathan. Penguin Classics.
Korsgaard, C. M. (1986). Skepticism about Practical Reason. The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 83, No. 11, pp. 5-25.
Larmore, C. (1996). The Morals of Modernity. Cambridge University Press.
Sinnott, A. (2008). Moral Psychology: The Cognitive Science of Morality, MIT Press.
Singer, P. (2011). Practical Ethics. Cambridge University Press.
Singer, P. (2015). The Most Good You Can Do: How effective altruism is changing ideas about living ethically. Yale University Press.
Slote, M. (2001). Morals from Motives. Oxford University Press.
Wood, A.W. (1991). Unsociable Sociability: The anthropological basis of Kantian ethics. Philosophical Topics, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 325-351.