The virtue of justice in the ethical theory of Thomas Aquinas
Subject Areas : Geneology of philosophical schools and Ideas
1 -
Keywords: Virtue, justice, ethics, Aquinas,
Abstract :
.. Accordingly, there must also be four virtues to keep these faculties in the right direction. Prudence or foresight for thought and intelligence, justice for the will, moderation for desire, and patience for hatred, aversion, and that which is painful. All other moral virtues flow from these four virtues, from wisdom and foresight, goodness, counsel, and right judgment when ordinary laws apply, and from "sense" in exceptional cases. They flow from justice, the observance of the rights of individuals, and religion, which is the performance of duty and service to God. Also, respect for elders and carrying out their orders and gratitude for past favors and honesty and friendship arise from justice. From patience and forbearance, invincibility and perseverance and perseverance are obtained, and from moderation, chastity, purity, mercy and compassion. Among the most important virtues for Thomas, which plays a central role in all his theories, is justice, which has various dimensions and angles. In his works, Thomas mentions justice as "right", justice in the sense of "equality", justice as a natural state and justice as a value. Thomas pays attention to justice both in the position of "is" and consideration, and in the position of "ought" and advice. The characteristic of justice according to Thomas, in comparison with other virtues, is that justice is considered in the relationship between an individual and others and between individuals, or is raised in the relationship of virtues to each other.
References:
منابع و ماخذ
بارنز و بكر (1358 تاريخ انديشه اجتماعي. فريبرز مجيدي،;کتابهاي جيبي
باومر، لوفان (1380) جريان‌هاي اصلي انديشه غربي. كامبيز گوتن، تهران: حكمت، چ1، ج1.
وس، چ2.
پنگل توماس و آهرنزدرف پيتر (1384) عدالت درميان ملل .ترجمه مصطفي يونسي، دفتر مطالعات سياسي و بين المللي وزارت امورخارجه
صادقي، مرضيه (1381) «جايگاه عدالت در نظام آكوييناس»، نامه مفيد. ش30.
مک اينتاير(1377-1376)اخلاق فضيلت مدار ترجمه حميد شهرياري ،نقد و نظر سال چهارم شماره اول و دوم زمستان و بهار
Aquinas S.Thomas(1996) "Summa of Summa Theologia", Journal of Religious history. Maquavie university, No16.
Aersten, Jan. A. (1993) "Aquinas philosophy in its historical setting" in: Norman Kretzmann, Cambridge Companion to Aquinas. New York: Cambridge university press.
Aquinas, Thomas (1905) Summa Contra Gentiles (God and his creature). Joseph Rickby, London: Burns and Oates, in: www.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain.etext/gc.htm.
Aquinas, Thomas (1972A) "Commentary on Ethics", Charles L. Litzinger, in: Medieval Political Philosophy. Ralph Lerner, New York: Cornel university press.
Aquinas, Thomas (1972B) "Commentary on the Politics", Ernest L. Fortin & Peter D. O'Neil, in: Medieval political philosophy. Ralph Lerner, New York: Cornel university press.
Aquinas, Thomas (1981) Aquinas selected political writings. Ed. A. P. D. Enterves, tr. Dawson, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Aquinas, Thomas (1982) On Kingship. Greald Phelan, Canada: pontifical institute of medieval studies.
Aquinas, Thomas (1995) On the uniqueness of Intellect against Averroists. Peter Orlowski, in: www.geocities.com.
Aquinas, Thomas (2000) Summa Theologia. Translated by: Fathers of English dominian Province Kevin Knight, book I-I, Second and Revised Edition, in: www.Newadvent.org.
Aquinas, Thomas (2000) Summa Theologia. Translated by: Fathers of English dominian Province Kevin Knight, book I-II, Second and Revised Edition, in: www.Newadvent.org.
Aquinas, Thomas (2000) Summa Theologia. Translated by: Fathers of English dominian Province Kevin Knight, book, II-I, Second and Revised Edition, in: www.Newadvent.org.
Aquinas, Thomas (2000) Summa Theologia. Translated by: Fathers of English dominian Province Kevin Knight, book, II-II, Second and Revised Edition, in: www.Newadvent.org.
Catholic Encyclopedia, www.new advent.org/cathen/08066.htm.
Collinson, diane (1987) Fifty Major philosophers. London & New York: Routledge.
Hardon, John (1995) "Meaning of virtue in S.T. Aquinas", Catholic book News letter. V.II, No.1, on: www.ewtn.com.
The electronic form of this document is copyrighted.
Copyright (c) Trinity Communications 1995.
Provided courtesy of:
Marie, George I. (2001) "Aquinas on intelligent extra-terrestrial life", in: The Thomist, n. 65.
Schall, James V. (1997) "the uniqueness of political philosophy of Thomas Aquinas", in: perspectives in political science. No.26.
Sigmund, Paul E. (1993) "Law and Politics", in: Norman Kretzmann, Cambridge Companion to Aquinas. New York: Cambridge university press.
Stump, Eleonore (2003) Aquinas. London: Routledge.
Weithman, Paul J. (1992) "Augustine and Aquinas of Original sin and the function of political authority", in: Journal of the history of philosophy. 30 July.
منابع و ماخذ
بارنز و بكر (1358 تاريخ انديشه اجتماعي. فريبرز مجيدي،;کتابهاي جيبي
باومر، لوفان (1380) جريان‌هاي اصلي انديشه غربي. كامبيز گوتن، تهران: حكمت، چ1، ج1.
وس، چ2.
پنگل توماس و آهرنزدرف پيتر (1384) عدالت درميان ملل .ترجمه مصطفي يونسي، دفتر مطالعات سياسي و بين المللي وزارت امورخارجه
صادقي، مرضيه (1381) «جايگاه عدالت در نظام آكوييناس»، نامه مفيد. ش30.
مک اينتاير(1377-1376)اخلاق فضيلت مدار ترجمه حميد شهرياري ،نقد و نظر سال چهارم شماره اول و دوم زمستان و بهار
Aquinas S.Thomas(1996) "Summa of Summa Theologia", Journal of Religious history. Maquavie university, No16.
Aersten, Jan. A. (1993) "Aquinas philosophy in its historical setting" in: Norman Kretzmann, Cambridge Companion to Aquinas. New York: Cambridge university press.
Aquinas, Thomas (1905) Summa Contra Gentiles (God and his creature). Joseph Rickby, London: Burns and Oates, in: www.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain.etext/gc.htm.
Aquinas, Thomas (1972A) "Commentary on Ethics", Charles L. Litzinger, in: Medieval Political Philosophy. Ralph Lerner, New York: Cornel university press.
Aquinas, Thomas (1972B) "Commentary on the Politics", Ernest L. Fortin & Peter D. O'Neil, in: Medieval political philosophy. Ralph Lerner, New York: Cornel university press.
Aquinas, Thomas (1981) Aquinas selected political writings. Ed. A. P. D. Enterves, tr. Dawson, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Aquinas, Thomas (1982) On Kingship. Greald Phelan, Canada: pontifical institute of medieval studies.
Aquinas, Thomas (1995) On the uniqueness of Intellect against Averroists. Peter Orlowski, in: www.geocities.com.
Aquinas, Thomas (2000) Summa Theologia. Translated by: Fathers of English dominian Province Kevin Knight, book I-I, Second and Revised Edition, in: www.Newadvent.org.
Aquinas, Thomas (2000) Summa Theologia. Translated by: Fathers of English dominian Province Kevin Knight, book I-II, Second and Revised Edition, in: www.Newadvent.org.
Aquinas, Thomas (2000) Summa Theologia. Translated by: Fathers of English dominian Province Kevin Knight, book, II-I, Second and Revised Edition, in: www.Newadvent.org.
Aquinas, Thomas (2000) Summa Theologia. Translated by: Fathers of English dominian Province Kevin Knight, book, II-II, Second and Revised Edition, in: www.Newadvent.org.
Catholic Encyclopedia, www.new advent.org/cathen/08066.htm.
Collinson, diane (1987) Fifty Major philosophers. London & New York: Routledge.
Hardon, John (1995) "Meaning of virtue in S.T. Aquinas", Catholic book News letter. V.II, No.1, on: www.ewtn.com.
The electronic form of this document is copyrighted.
Copyright (c) Trinity Communications 1995.
Provided courtesy of:
Marie, George I. (2001) "Aquinas on intelligent extra-terrestrial life", in: The Thomist, n. 65.
Schall, James V. (1997) "the uniqueness of political philosophy of Thomas Aquinas", in: perspectives in political science. No.26.
Sigmund, Paul E. (1993) "Law and Politics", in: Norman Kretzmann, Cambridge Companion to Aquinas. New York: Cambridge university press.
Stump, Eleonore (2003) Aquinas. London: Routledge.
Weithman, Paul J. (1992) "Augustine and Aquinas of Original sin and the function of political authority", in: Journal of the history of philosophy. 30 July.