مارسيليوس اهل پادوا و ريشه‌هاي سکولاريسم قانوني در قرون ميانه
محورهای موضوعی : ریشه‌شناسی مکاتب و آراء فلسفی در ادوار قدیم و جدیدياشار جيراني 1 * , مصطفي يونسي 2
1 - دانشگاه تربيت مدرس
2 - دانشگاه تربيت مدرس
کلید واژه: مارسيليوس اهل پادوا سکولاريسم قرون ميانه مسيحيت,
چکیده مقاله :
در نوشتار حاضر تلاش بر اين است كه به بررسي امکان طرح مفهوم «سکولاريسم قانوني» در آراء مارسيليوس اهل پادوا بپردازيم. عموم شارحان مارسيليوس صورت اوليه‌يي از سکولاريسم يعني «سکولاريسم نهادي» را در آثار او و معاصرانش شناسايي كرده‌اند؛ يعني سکولاريسمي که مخالف دخالت نهاد کليسا بمثابه نهاد کليسا در عرصه سياسي است. اما همين شارحان از تأييد شکل پيشرفته‌تري از سکولاريسم در آثار او که ميتوان آن را سکولاريسم قانوني ناميد، امتناع ورزيده‌اند؛ يعني سکولاريسمي که مخالف دخالت باورهاي الهياتي بعنوان يک منبع رسمي در قوانين است. عموم شارحان معتقدند که اين نوع سکولاريسم متعلق به فلسفه سياسي دوران مدرن و بخصوص جان لاک است و نسبت دادن آن به مارسيليوس را نوعي آناکرونيسم تفسيري قلمداد ميکنند. برخلاف نظريات رايج، اين نوشتار تلاش ميكند در تقابل با اين تفسير تاريخگرايانه از انديشه سياسي مارسيليوس و از طريق تحليل متون مارسيليوس نشان بدهد که تفسير وي از ايمان بمثابه امري دروني و سپس خصوصي ميتواند ما را بسمت يافتن صورتي اوليه، اما آشکار از سکولاريسم قانوني در آثار او هدايت نمايد.
The present paper deals with the possibility of propounding the concept of “legal secularism” in the ideas of Marsilius of Padua. All commentators of Marsilius have detected a preliminary form of secularism, that is, institutionalized secularism, in his works and those of his contemporary scholars. This kind of secularism is opposed to the interference of the institution of the church as such in the field of politics. However, the same commentators have refused confirming a more advanced form of secularism in his works which is called legal secularism that is, one which is opposed to the interference of theological ideas as an official source with the laws. All commentators believe that this kind of secularism is rooted in the political philosophy of the modern period and, particularly, John Locke’s philosophy and maintain that attributing it to Marsilius is a kind of interpretive anachronism. Unlike the common theories, this paper aims to contradict this historistic interpretation of Marsilius’ political philosophy and, through analyzing his writings, demonstrate that his interpretation of faith as an inner and private affair can lead us toward a preliminary but clear form of legal secularism in his works.
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